The orange is a citrus fruit. The fruit of the orange tree, a tree of the family Rutaceae. Edible, it is very rich in vitamin C. This is the fourth most widely grown fruit in the world.

Names in some languages

The names of orange in the languages of Europe and the Mediterranean, leaving recognize various wanderings that have this fruit in its history. There are two major routes followed by the orange (see History below): on the one hand, the bitter orange Persians who came to the Arabs, and Mediterranean countries on the other, orange Portuguese sweet as reported in China in the sixteenth century.
A first group of terms is taken from medieval Arabic نرنجة [naranjah], itself borrowed from Persian نارنج [naranja]. Some languages retain the original n, such as Spanish naranja, the Venetian naranza, Greek νεράντζι [nerantzi] ( ‘bitter orange’), Serbo-Croatian наранџа / or narandža Hungarian Narancs. Others have modified this consonant, like Portuguese laranja, Yiddish מאראנץ [marants] or Catalan taronja. Others, finally, lost the initial consonant, such as Italian arancia (or its derivatives mel-old firefighter and arancia arancia) or Provencal auranja. The french orange has also undergone a change of vowel, perhaps – they say – under the influence of the city of Orange. The Orange German and English are borrowed from the orange french. The Welsh and Japanese orenオレンジ[Orenji] are borrowed from English. Occitan, west of the Rhône, employed a variant įranga [i'rantgé]. Pomarańcza the Polish and Czech pomeranč are borrowed from the old Italian pomarancia, himself a combination of Latin pomum ‘fruit’ and arancia1.
Several languages of the Balkans and Mediterranean orange called by the name of Portugal. This is the case with the Neapolitan Portogallo, Greek πορτοκάλι [Portokali] Portokalli Albanian, Bulgarian портокал [Portokali], Romanian portocală; and Portakal Turkish, Georgian ფორთოხალი [phortokhali], Arabic برتقال [burtuqāl], the modern Persian (Farsi) پرتقال [porteghal], Amharic ብርቱካን [Birtukan].
A third group of languages in northern Europe, uses a periphrasis meaning ‘apple of China’. This is the case of Germanic and Scandinavian languages: German North Apfelsine, Danish, Norwegian and Swedish appelsin or in reverse order, Dutch Sinaasappel. Finally, Finnish appelsiini, Lithuanian Apelsin, Russian апельсин [Apelsin] and Belarusian апельсін [Apelsin] have borrowed their forms to the Scandinavian languages. Besides the Arabic words “bourtuqäl and laymoun used to refer to Morocco oranges, some regions this fruit called Lachin to indicate its origin China. It may be noted that in Santo Domingo, an orange juice is called “jugo de china” …

Finally, other languages of the world employ different roots. For example, Indonesian, orange called Jeruk.

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