Refining is a process to purify a chemical as a natural resource available and already used in this state but for other uses is preferable to have in a more pure or better. During the process residues are obtained with interesting properties that are used in other applications. In a broad sense the process may include processes that radically change the appearance of the resource, for example to obtain metal from ore.

For example, unprocessed oil burns rather well as fuel, but its generic burning leaves and heavy smoke residue unacceptable for use as fuel in internal combustion engine, it is then refined to obtain pure substances and of better quality, including petrol. The process generates several waste, including asphalt, heavy oil, oil fuel, fuel oil, which are used successfully in applications where different properties are required that neither the oil nor its natural best products of refining them, including the lubrication The asfaltaura roads, heating and many others.

The most common materials which are, however, refine few:

    metal
    vegetable oils
    oil
    silicon
    sugar

The liquid is distilled and refining division, or by extraction of impurities with solvents that dissolve the substance as desired or unwanted. Even with gas refining processes as they are transformed into liquid or compressed natural cooling. Many solids, particularly the silicon for semiconductors used in electronics, is to refine instead of growing crystals in a solution of impure material, the regular structure of the crystal lattice tend to favor the desired substance to the detriment of impurities. Some processes also contain chemical reactions.
When required extreme purity of the material, as in the case of silicon for semiconductors, we shall develop very complex processes that come into play most or all of the techniques discussed above.

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